Fore and aft rigged vessel



July 4, 1933. E, BLACKMAN 1,916,459

FORE AND AFT RIGGED VESSEL Fil ed Aug. 3, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 I N V EN TOR. [bid APO 1. 6140mm WPL/W A TTORNEY July 4, 1933. E. BLACKMAN I FORE AND AFT RIGGED VESSEL Filed Aug. 3, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 4,1933.

E. L, BLACKMAN FORE AND AFT RIGGED VESSEL Filed Aug. 3, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 A TTORNEY.

' {pally of the vessel itself.

vPatented JuIy4',

.1 EPW431331: BLACKMAN, om miatiw I Y i' i rons 4ND Ari" BIGGEn irnssi'in Application filed-August 3,1931. ,seiia -ivoi554,824; v

This I invention relates -to fore rigged Vessels in general and more especial-L7 1y to th pparatus. Orc yin t sails.

"he ls with th W n t sails m y b PQ V 15, tignedina plane no enearly atl'right' angles m he thru t. ot the nd so l ly- ,gr gnaterially reduced.

'It is stillanotherobject to V -2 proved apparatus. fp mo g ngthe niain sail of a fore and aft rigged vessei=?"Whe1:eby such; .main sail may be with facility actuated to assume an angleto-themast sothatijvhenthe heatuheelszwith the ind,*}the sail niayj be, po i ien d llpl i 'qa rs nearly t rig t 1 '7 angles to'the direction of the Wind and therea by he sa position; to lobtaing-a, maximum fe ficiency omfthe prop l n forcefqithe' ind.

\ 9 It-is still anothenohject iin-f proved appara s a unt n th iains ll of a fore and'aft rigged vessel'gso that the V sail may be extencled; at an angle across the mast and the propelling; force on thesa'il 'Y i g a a let be transmltted l enl 'lF a, the rail and Li p lt is ostill another ob ect Oftthg presentinyention v to provide an iinp fovedlniechanisnfiv 1 for mounting aspaii ona: mast .so that .the...

- Q'thrnstoi the Wind on thesailfmay be ti ans I gnitted moreeehtrallyof theyessel. it

, These and other features,capabilities advantages of thepresent invention Will apa. eg y from. the subjoined detail'd'escriptionof 4 specific embodiments, thereof illustrated in -the acc mpanying dIa ings'inwhich1 v Fig e '1 is a P r p ctive how ng; e

" and aft rigged Vessel equipped acoordingto one embodiment of the present invention; 1

' 7 9 \Fig 2gis al planly iewvof thee embodimenting the :P i d a i f -Fig1, 8 is al-sideelevation of. another -em-it bodimentof the present. invention;

c -Fjgjm isa real-elevation ofthe embodi-- l nient foi' c-ontrolling the position of thehoom g massage is Figi lfwith th sailsin {n11}? 1 lines a n-gee jsiniila; to the mjanne r" illus-fl tr ated in Fig. landz in dotted. lines showing the main] sail, xtending outwardly when travellingwith the'wind;

Flg. 3'is a fragmental enlarged vieW shoW- V guidei'rail qalong the, line'i3lf3 of Fig.2;m

.& is aifragmental enlarged viw' of the fixture connecting the. spar and ,auxilary Inast to the inainf lnast of' 'themembodi-r' Ilnentgsjhownfin Fig, 1; I f

Figis isa fragmenta'l enlarged section on the'line of Fig. 4;

Fig ,7 is a perspective detail showingthe 'clavi on the end of the gait engaging the span-of thee nbodiment illustrated in Fig. 1.

'ment' ,illus'tratedliin Fig; {8 r Fig. 11is an enlarged section ofthefspar rshown in the embodiment of Fig. 8; V s Fig; 12 1s an enlarged ,fragrhental View shofvingthe connection of the .sparr'to thesail, and Inastjof the embodiment shown in'Fig..-8 ;'f- -Fig. 13 is an enlarged fragmental View showingtheconnectionof the boom; spar and rail of the embodiment shownsinx Fig. 8

I 14 is anfenlarged fragmentalview of 85 7 embodimentshown in Fig. 8;- Fig.1 15 is a'wplan iew of a diagrammatically shown r connected thereto of the showing' attachment for automatically controlling the position of the spar an'dhoo'm ont l; a .-Fig. l17 is a section on theline 17 17 of V Fig.16;' I 95,

.Fig.lg isasection onthe line j m Fig. 19. is 5 01511 indetail oi ahetiir attacha and jsparonthe railyancl 9:;is a plan View of th'e embodiment I illuStratedinJFig; 8

modified guide I Fig. 16 is an enlarged iiaginental plan View )90 Fig. 20 is an enlarged fragmental section on the line 202O of Fig. 19.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive, there is provided a vessel having a hull 1, a main mast 2, a bow sprit 3, an arouate crossbar 4 near the outer end of the bow sprit 3, a main sheet block traveler 5 near the stern of the vessel, a tiller or helm 6 adjacent to the traveler 5 and tour posts 7,7, 8 and 8 extending upwardly from the deck 1 of the vessel, the posts 7 and 7 being disposed adjacent to the larboard side of the vessel to one side of the mast 2 and the posts 8, 8 being disposed to extend upwardly from the starboard side of-the vessel in alinement with the posts 7, 7. V

Extending from the post 7 to the post 8 abaft the mast 2 and from one side to the other of the vessel, there is formed the I-beam 9 which is arcuate in form for the purpose hereinafter to-be'described.

The left hand end of the I-beam or ra l 9 has an extension 10 extending from thepost 7 to the post 7, also'arcuate in form and the right hand end of the rail or I-beain has an extension 11 extending from the upper end of the post 8 to the upper end of the post 8,

also arcuate in r'orm. At the upper end of the main mast 2 and to the front end thereof, there is formed a stepping block 12 which is fixed between the mast 2 and the auxiliary or extension mast 13 by the metallic straps 14 and 15. r

v The auxiliary or extension mast 13 is preferably only used when an ordinary full length jib is used, such as the jib 16, the upper end of which is connected by the halyard 17 to the pulley 18, which halyard extends down and is connected to the cleat19 formed on the front face of the main. mast 2 adjacent to the deck 1.

The rear lower end of the jib ,16 is c' nnected bythe halyard 20 to the cleat 21 formed I on the deck 1 of the vessel in front of the mast 2. The front lower end of the jib 16 is connected by the halyard 22'tothe slide block 23 slidably mounted on the crossbar 4 and connected by the control halyards 24 and 24', to the cleats 25 and 25 formed on the deck 1 adjacent to the bow of the boat.

At the extreme upper end of the mast 2, there is formed the metallic shell 26 which has formed thereon a pivot pin 27 to receive the collar 28 of the bracket 29, this collar being maintained in pivotal connection with the shell 26 and maintained against displacement. by the washer 30 which is anchored and pressed by the nut 31 secured to the upper end of the pin 27.

The bracket 29 has formed at its end an enlarged head 32 which is received by the socket 33 at the end of the enlargement 34 formed on the bracket 35 which has formed at its end the metallic shell 36 in which the spar 37 is fixedly mounted in the usual way,

the shell 36 partaking of a barrel-like form with its upper and lower edges alining with and smoothed otf to form cam surfaces. 7

The bracket 35 is pivotally connected to the bracket 29 in that the'head 32 is rotatably mounted in the socket 33 and secured in place by the members 38 and 39 secured to the edge of the cup-shaped portion 34 after the head 41 which pass under theguide rollers 42 i and 42 respectively to the end guide rollers 43 and 43 respectively at the forward ends of the extensions 10 and 11 respectively and then pass back to the block and tackle 44 and 44 respectively, the halyards of which are connected to the 'cleats 44 and 44 respectively adjacent to and in front of the helmsman at the tiller 6. 7 From the foregoing, it will appear that the lower end of the spar 37 may be anchored at any position on the guide 9, a pull on the halyard 41 and acorresponding release on the halyard 41 causing the lower endotthe spar 37 to'be moved to the larboard side of the vessel and V a pull on'the halyard 41 andacorresponding release on the halyard 41 causing the lower end of the spar 37 to be'moved to the starboard side of thervessel.

To the spar 37, thereis'slidably connected 7 the gait 45 which is'provided at its inner end with two gripping jaws 46 and 47 having cam surfaces 48 and 49 respectively so that when these gripping jaws 46 and 47 come into engagement with the neck 35"of the bracket 35, they will with facility pass the same as indicated in Fig. 6.

Slidably connected to the I-beam 9, there is provided the boom 50 which is attached to the jaw 40 of the spar 37 so that they both slide togetherupon the I-beam 9. The main sail 51 is secured at its lower edge to the boom 50 in the usual way and atits upper edge to the'gaii 45in the usual way. The

sail 51 is also connected to the spar 37. In

the present instance, however, the connecting means 52, 53 and 54 which connect the sail to the spar above the shell36, when the sail is raised completely as'shown in Fig. 1 have inner gripping jaw members 55 similar to the jaw members 46 and 47 at the inner end of the gaff 45 so that these connecting members 52, 53 and54 may pass the neck 35 V of the bracket 35 when the main sail is lowered in the act of reefing or furling.

The connecting means 56 which connect gem-459 theiSp a-r? 37 isapositioned "directly: ih hack tance between the" lowerend-of the spar" n will be such tha'tithe ring-57 may passdownl. 7' to permitthe 'sai1i 51 to he 10inter -"eelto its'lowg est 'extent 'in' the aetof"reefing orrfurlingi Th'eoLItfe'f end ofth'e -boor'n'50 is Connected by the main; sheet-block :i-n'd "tack1e'60; the

lower pulley 61 f whi ch is -oonneoted-to the traveler-' and themain sheet on halyardhfl to' t'he poitioh 'ofthe helms'r n an at theitillel The ,iprefergbly proi ided with r the yusu'el peak. halyard 64' fwhioh v eiztends from the free end" bf the gafi? 3&5 to thelpulley 65- conn'eoted to the upper 'endflo'f the spar I 37 and then passes h-aoli togthe' pulley" 66', and then back to the 131061565 and then fdo'wn 'srlo provided with thef usun'thmat halyard the block 68' and which iS-pIioViQed Qwithfa,jguide rail-which merely aofos s. the ideckf of thejyeseel for guiding; thefslpar a d fis,providecl with 1 spar; the-f oon'nection flof'whic'h to the mztst 'i's, lsuoh that-more'than half of the"; stil' area is b elow the point of attachment; hut moretha n half of the spar. -is* above the; point of at taohment.

' with hi emhodi rhehtgi thethfust Lot-the wind propelling the'lboa t forwzr'zd i delivered more nearly along the fcenter'of the boat "and 5 the weight, of therlong ei and heavieruppe'r portion-of the sp a'r- "is? thrust more to windfwalfd tending to otei oome to s omeiextent the pressure. otthewindjasfcompared 'to;theen 1-I hodiment [illustrated in Fig.1 1. The angle,

between the spztr and inast ohthined hythe movement of the foot ofthe "spjar; is increased 7 [through'putting thepoiiit'ofpitotofthe span ;Ii1' thepresent embodimentg the *hulIET provided with 1 a t'ravelef'ff' at the e stern,

' I a Hlin 1011 tiller-2 I on the front thereof and 1 v n V short -inginimasiffh On the:

reaaer 92-in whieh the par 74 p1 efeiab1y extendihg 'thiough a bracket -75--a s shown' in Fig. 8 to whichis' also 'oon V nee tede-top nia 1st 76 ilghetbp iof thetopmast 765s connected to the ends oftheispreadef 74 byfth'e ista'ys 77. and 78 zindi a -s'hort distancefrom'the upper e nd of the top mast 76: there yard corinected to the upper end o fthejib 80,

t'hetforwa rd lower'end of whieh-is conneeted by the 'hail yard'fl8 l to the bo w of the ihoat" and? the'rea-rjlower 'en'd o f iSwOnIie ted-by v "the? bloc-k and tackle '82 to'the de'o'kfof {the 1 vessel;

1 slightly aha-ft thereof, there are forn1ed; the two-stmdarde-8 and" 'whioh-support the 9 guide miles;- Thejffee end'e-of the spreader Mitteconfiectd hyjetays '87 and 88 extending down tofthe dok of thevessel. The Bracket 75' has f rniedonithe" rear thereofa pivot'pin' 89 "havin an en1arged head 90." to receive the *cap 91 of'the 'sleeve 93 is r0tatahj1y-ands1id b y u w e t 1" The spar '93 connected-at its lower end.

to the guide rai1 86 and extend's up thei eftom ,1, to andbeyondfthe upper end of the top inest 7so that the'l'eVeljof the upper end of the maihmastm'will' be approximately-two fifths of the =distan oevup' to the upper end; oi the s par' Qonsequentlymore than half of the esp-(11' wvil'l' eX-tj'endup?ahovethe bracket 75.

The upperend'of' the pa'r93 is connected; to the up'pel en'd 'o f the top mast 76by a 's'tay 94.l

Ae'slhown' ii1'%Fig.-*l0,' thebraok'et 75 ortop of'the main Inakst'iis conn'ected'hy-the stays 95 curefcl" to the1spa r- 93 On' the; fir-"shtyped bar v97, there are slidttbly mounted the aw mem- "offthe Spar93i has connected thereto "at T- shztpedhztr ,97 having ercuate flanges 98 and Q9 9 extending ffomthe-stem thereofto'be se- 9 berslOO "h'a-vingej es I101 through-'whiehiexi-tend the loops 102 connected to the main s'ail 10,3 int 56 present instance OfJthQMtl-If COf l i or the spar 01 93 harmed thereon at bf'aeket" 104 an'd'1 07 havingalinedopenings -108to receive.

the guide rail .86. Between the ears'i1O6 land 107 there is mou'n-te'dle double -eye' member 109 having a vert ioztll'y 'exte'ndlngeye-.po1"{ .125

ti on- 1 10" and "a' horizontally extending eye portion lll the rail 86 extendingthrough'the vhitting an upper cupped'sha ped' portion" 105 I I in. thespa'r' 93-15 both rotatably and vrtioally 'slidtb-lef "The-"lower end of the bracket'lM iehifilteated having two ears 106' 120' eye-portion IlO aInd the e e 1 12 "extending rthrough the horizontally extending eye portion 111.; Theeye 112 is secured at'th'e end Z offth-bi'ztcketill hwing a'cup' shaped p'ortion 114 in which the boom 115 is rotatably secured. I

The main sail 103 is connected to the spar 93 by means of the jaw members and connected to the boom in the usual way. The upper end of the main sail 103 is connected by a block 116 to the upper portion of the spar 93'by a halyard not shown. The rear end of the boom 115 is connected by a block and tackle 117 to the traveler 71.

The sides of the bracket 104 are connected by the halyards 118 and 118 which extend across the guide rollers 119 and 120 rotatably mounted ontheupper ends of the standards 84 and 85, the halyard 118 extending from the roller 119 to the block and tackle 119, the halyard of which is connected to the cleat 119 adjacent the stern of the vessel as indicated and the halyard 118 extends from the roller 120 to the block and tackle 120, the halyard of which is connected to the cleat 120 adjacent to tne stern of the vessel. From the foregoing, it will appear that the lower end of the spar 93 may be anchored at any position along the rail 86 and that'the same will be movcdfito the larboard side when a pullingforce is exercised on the halyard 118 with a corresponding release on the halyard 118' and in turn that the lowerend of the spar 93 may beinoved to the starboard side of thevessel when a pulling force is exercised on the halyard 118 and the halyard 118 correspondingly released.

To the upper end of the spar 93, there are secured the two stays 121 and 122, the stay 121 extending down to the left side of the spar 93 to the block and tackle 123, the halyard 124 of which extends around the pulley 125 secured to the deck and then has its free end connected to the cleat 125 secured to the deck. The stay 122 is connected to the block and tackle 126 connected to the deck 83, the

halyard. 127 of which extends around the.

pulley 128 formed on the deck and then has its free end connected to the cleat 129.

From the foregoing, it will appear that more than half of the spar 93 extends above its connection with the main mast 73 although more than half of the area of the sail 103 extends below this connection; in this way, as aforesaid, the weight of the spar would be thrust more to windward overcoming to some extent the force of the wind and the thrust of the wind propelling the boat forward would be delivered more nearly along the center of the boat. Furthermore with this construction a large angle between the spar and mast is obtained by a small movement at the foot of the spar.

In order to facilitate the movement of the spar from side to side of the vessel when tacking or otherwise, the control halyards 118 and 118' are provided. The clearance between the guide rail .86 and the'openings in the ears 106 and 107 of the bracket 104 will be SllfllClQIlt so that when the sail is swung to the spar 93 freely to travel from one end to,

the other of the guide rail 86. In Fig. 15 there is illustrated a modified guide rail which can be used in place of the rail 86. This modified guide rail 130 resembles a double yoke having two arcuate or yokeportions 131 and 132'spaced from one another by the short straight portion 133. The short straight, portion 133 is disposed just to the rear of the mast 73 and the arcuate portions 131 and 132 are formed primarily to clear the lower ends of the stays 121 and 122 to take the place of the stays 121 and 1220f the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 8.

spar 93 is mounted on the guide rail 130 in thesame way as the spar 93 is mounted on the guide rail 86 and is provided with a similar pair of halyards 134 and 135 which extend around the idlers 136 and 137 respectively, the halyards' 134 extending under the idlers 136 and then around the roller .138 Y at the extreme left hand end of; the guide 130 and the halyard 135 passing from the idlers 137 around the roller 139 disposed at extreme right hand end of the guide rail attachment cooperating with the rail, in this embodiment designated as 9*, for controlling the position and movement of the spar and boom under certain conditions. I is an ordinary 'I-beam structure curvedat its end portions and mounted on the standards 140 and 141 secured to the deck 83 of the Vessel. The spar1 42 in this embodiment isconnected to a cup shaped bracket 143 having gripping jaws 144 and 145 at its lower end to engage the upper flange of the rail 9 as illustrated in Fig. 17.

On this cup shaped bracket 143, there is seeuredasleeve 146 which is anchored against upward displacement bythe collar 147. This sleeve 146 is rotatably mounted on the cup shapedbracket 143 and has formed on its rear end a horizontally extending eye 148 to receive the verticallyv extending eye 149- formed at the front end of the cup shaped bracket 150 to which the front end of the boom 151 is secured; 1

The lower front end of the bracket 143, see

particularly Fig. 18 has secured thereto two spaced apart lugs 152and 153 which are intended to cooperate with the teeth 154 and 155 formed on thearms 156 and 157 respectively of the control discs 158 a'nd159 respectively. The discs 158 and 159 normally The rail 9%..

. In Figs. 16. 17 and 18, there is shown an extend yertic ally te the deck of the vessel and substantially vertically to'the sides of the v'eseel-as indicated in full lines in Fig. 16.

Thesediscs 158land 15 9 are. provided to eX- tend heyond'or above the sides ofthe vessel so that whentheessel heels to leeward; that 77 1s dips. to the point where: there isidanger'oi capsiZing; the disc will come incontaot'with 1 the water which strikesagainst it and pushes it backward to the dotted line position shown at the upper portion of Fig. 'l 6,-where it will release the bracket 1413 whereupon the pressure fthe wind on the main sail will cause the boom 1 51 and spar 142 to slide a long the rail 9 toward the-windward side ofthe Vessel.

; At the center of -the if desired; there may-he formed? a stop fordeterminihg the movement "of the bracket1l3 'on the rail? lyf will release the rail Q-fand perniitthe bracket 1548" to" slide freely from 7 one side ,"to

the other of this rail.-

on e other hand, en, the claw 1601s swung npwardly. into engagement with the rail; it; will'forni a stop'todetermine-the movement of the bracket 143 ,when jsore'leased gen gement with the tooth 5$ CD fofth e1diso158 or 159; respectw g I with the rail 9* 'attefrthe lor'aolnet '143fhas been "onthe summed, when esi eeg eiaw 160 maybe swung upwardlyinto engagement positioned' onith'e raili 9? when the two fingers oii the elaw 160 will 'engagethe sides of the Bracket 143' and itgcen trally on said rail v9 1 are substantially identical-andtherefore the .niounting -for the arni156illn'stratedin'Fig.

18 will alone he described.

'On the deck of the vessel adjacentthe st ll: 1

, board side thereof {there isforrnedthe base 162 having aiso'cket 163 extending upwardly th erefroinitorotatably receive the plug 164 at thelowerend ofthebracket 165 having upwardly extending ears 166'between whichthe 'arin' 1 56 is pi'yotallfy mountedu Thestarhoard' side of the socket "163; is provided'with a lug 167 extending"up wardly} therefrom to coop;

' era'te with the loweffa ce ofth'efarm 156ito' "cleterinin'e 'the npward movementof the tooth- 1 54; t-iThefi spriiig' 168 Connects 1 the: arin {156' 1 v with-the ab itmentsfl69s-iextendingfrorn the "socket 163'asgindicat'edtnormallylto urgeithei l l "P 11 19 A 11401 and 1 115.

'lugf167 The npper end fofthelsocliet163'is v I -p'rovidedwith a recess 170; the shoiilderlend s arm 156 downward into'engageinent 'w ith the l f which'tormliinitingstops for'the ipin171 M v fa lhe bracke @18 a d 18.2?

- lsecnred to the pit-1 164 tosdetermi'ne thelextent'of rotation0fthe-pl1ig 164and'tooth 1 5 lend of the bracket' 143. I

The mountings of the arins156' 157 Q It of course 156 on whichthe tooth 15Lis forined isjpro I vided witha downwardly extending lug 17 3:

to receive the spring 171-whichcis connected to the -abnt1ne'ntm175v extending rearward-1y from theysocket163Qnormallytourge the arm 156' and-1discw'158 into the outward position shown in full, lines in Fig.16; When so posi-i" tioned, th'e tooth 154 of the arm'156will1he the tooth 15 4l a'nd thereupon the vesselwould .dip to a point where it wonldbe in danger of capsizing' and the disc-158 would come in osition to engage-theear'152 at thelower '7 v In operation, the bracket 1 13 wereinoved I I to the starhoard'si'de ofthe vessel'as indicated in Fig. 16 and'a'nchored in position by contact with the; Water, theforce of the water Zonthe disc 158 would swing the disc back into the dotted line positionshown in Fig. 16 w'hereuponthe tooth 154. would slide ofi the lng152whereuponv' hefwin d would cause the spar 1512-,and boo-in;'151 thereupon to move along the. guide S tOWard the windward side thelsailf of the vessel, gthus relieving the pressure on.

to the tooth Q155'Of 11l-lj8d136 159 andj the larbomidlsidQ-Of hfi vessel dipi the disc'; 159 7 w be-aet atetlwr l se th rac et 1. t5

h p I?" I v v19 1: -v. Similarlj if the bracket-143 wereconnecte'd I l and perrhit'the windto swingthe mainlsail. V a and braek'et143 tow-ard the windwardlside I ii-in the act of sailingayme desired t6 release the bracket-143 fronieither the tooth .154'or 15 5 ofythe discs 158,- 159, the same'oan be swungdownwardly oxitof the path :of l'nioveme'ntof theilugs. 152'on153res'pectively ".byfrneansof the halya-rds 176'or'177 respeictively- 'WlllCllflIf connected to the arms156] '6 P 'and157 respectively and extend downwardly- 1 :ar'ound' the pulleys'178and 179 respectively.)

secured to'th'e ifdeckot; the Vessel and such 5 halyard's I then; pass-gfr'earwardlyi to the Ghent-s the the ta e 43' also the provided with" control halyardsj such, as; the controll' alyards451 and 41 of the einbodinient illustrated in Fig; 1 or the con- 7 V trol alyards'lifit e -5135mm ernhodiinent il utrate ii 'llu'stratedinFigs. e

In the b d me t and 20,1 thereis-jprofifided fanotherfar'rangev aine'nt for controlling they inoVenient of the spar? adgbo'om along the guide V r'afih The guide. fia-ilin this embodiment is designated, V as,9 sand -likewise;is;provided with, eurvedl .s p v lie-standards 1 i e t V n straight; ortion ofthe guide 9 .,Ero heupp r d 1 j cu d r eofthe arm156 The ex'tension-1'Z 2Jofthe Vito: the tand-ardent); l l e-i respectively 1..

on this rod 180, there is freely mounted a coil spring 183. i g

The rail 9 in the present instance is also of I-beam construction, the upper flange of which is engaged by the jaw portion 184 of the bracket 185 secured to the lower end of the spar 186, the front end of which jaw 184: is provided with 5. lug 187 to which is pivotally connected the latch 188 having a recess portion 189 formed in the end thereof to re ceive the rod 180 when swung into engagement with the same as indicated in Figs. 19

' and 20.

The bracket 185 in the present instance is also provided with a sleeve 190 rotatably mounted thereon which is anchored against displacement by the collar'191. This sleeve 190 is provided with an eye 192 to receive the vertically extending eye 193 formed at the end of'the cup shaped portion 19% to which the boom 195 is attached.

In operation when the latch 188 engages the rod 180 atthe starboard end of the spring 183 as indicated in Fig. 19 with the main sail L on the starboard side of the vesselthen when an unusual p'ufi ofwind is encountered, the same will exercise a force on the main sail to force the boom 195 and spar 186 to the windward side of the vessel along the rail which would move the boom 195 and spar 1'86-to the center of the vessel against the tension of the spring 183 and'in turn upon the let up of this puff of wind, the spring 183 would again move the bracket 185 to its former larboard position.

The bracket 185 of the present embodiment may also be provided with control halyards such as the halyards 41 and 41 of the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1.

It is of course obvious that when either the control halyards 41 or 11 of the embodiment illustrated. in Fig. 1, or the control halyards Y 118 or 118 of the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 8, or the'control halyards 134 or 135 of the embodiment illustrated in Fig.15 or the automatic control illustrated in Fig. 16 or the automatic control illustrated in Fig.19, is used for controllingthe lower end of the spar, it will be necessary first to remove or slacken the stays connecting the upper end of the spar to the vessel if not entirely dis- "pense with the same.

It is of course also obvious that by means 7 of the present invention, when it is desired M on to release the'tension of the wind on the sail by tipping the sail and letting the wind slide over the top, it will only be necessary toallow the lower part of the sailto slide up to windward instead of fasteningit down to leeward and thereby the boat may be maintained in its normal substantially vertical position relative to the surface of the water.

For example, when sailing into the wind, it is important to have the boat on as even a keel as possible so that its fin keel or centerboard will be as nearly as possible to right angles to the surface of the water and will prevent the sliding of the boat of'tto leeward. The more the boat heels, the less the effectiveness of the centerboard or fin keel and the more the boat is apt to slide off to leeward. Likewise, when the boat heels, the action of the rudder becomes more downward into the water than sideways, and its effect is more to stop the boat than to steer it.

For both these reasons, a boat sailing into the wind will handle much better and make much better progress on a fairly even keel than when well heeled over. The effect of heeling over is, of course,to release the tension of the wind on the sail by tipping the sail and letting the wind slide over the top. The same result may be obtained by the present invention by merely tipping the sail and allowing the boat to remain in the original position or substantially so,'that is as aforesaid by allowing the lower part of the sail to slide up to windward instead of fastening it down to leeward.

It is obvious that various changes and modifications may be made to the details of construction without departing from the general spirit of the invention asset forth in the ap pended claims. j V

I claim: 1. 'A fore and aft rigged Vessel having a mast, a spar pivotally connected to the upper end of said mast and extending be yond-the upper end of said mast, a gaff slidablymounted on said spar. to be positioned above the connection between saidv spar and said mast, a boom pivotally connected to the lower end of said spar, and a sail connected to said spar, gaff and boom. 1

2. A fore and aft rigged vessel having a mast, a bracket on the upper end of said mast, a mast extension secured to said bracket, a spar pivotally connect-ed to said mast, a gaff slidably mounted on said spar, a jib boom on said vessel, a boom. pivotally connected to said-spar, a jib connected to said mast extension, jib boom' and deck, and amain sail connected to said-spar, gaff and boom.

3. Afore andaft rigged vessel having a toast, a spar pivotally connected at apoint j'oelow its center to the upper portion of said mast and otherwise free'of said mast, a gaff slidably mounted on said spar, a boom pivi r t y connected to the lower end of said mast, a bracket formed onthe upper end'of' spar,'and a sail connected to said span-gaff andboonn j a 4. A foreand' aft rigged vesselhayiriga mast, a spar pivotally connected to the upper,

portion of said mast, a gaff slidably mounted onsaid spar, a boom pivotally connectedto the lower end of said spar, a rail extending,

abaft saidmast'to which the lower end of saidspar is slidablyconn'ected, and a sail conn-ected-to said spar, gaii. and boom.

'5. A foreand' aft riggedvessel having-a said mast, asecond bracket pivotally connected to said first bracket, a spar connected water when the vessel dips to submerge the lever of said safety device thereupon to actuate said safety device to release said spar. 7. A fore and aft riggedvessel having a mast, a guide extending across thedeck of I the vessel, a spar having its-lowerend slidably connected to said guide and pivotally .connected to said mast above; said guide, safety devicesextending to either side of said vessel, and-means for releasably connecting said spar to either of said safety devices, said safety devices being sensitive to the pressure vof the water when the vessel dips to submerge either of said safety devices whereupon the ,pressure of the water will actuate the emerged safety device in turnto release the spar.

I 8. A fore and aft rigged vessel havingna mast, a guide extending across the deck of the vessel, a spar pivotally connected to said mast above said guide and slidably connected at its lower-end to said guide, and :resilient means for anchoring the spar at either end of said guide and yieldable to permit the movement of said spar toward the'center of said guide with an unusual pufi of wind. o r,

.9. A fore and aft rigged vessel having a mast, a bracket at the upper portion of said mast, a spa-r connected tosaid bracket, a gaff, gripping jaws on the end of said gaff slidably engagingsaid spar to clear said bracket when passing the same, and a sail connected to said spar and gafi'.

mast, a bracket a-t-the upper portion of said mast, a spar secured to said bracket, a gaff, a gripping jaw connecting member at the end of said gaff to slidably receive said 'spar and 13. A fore and a mast, a' guide extending across the-deck of thejvesseha spar-slidably connected at its 10. A fore and aft rigged vessel having a slide past said bracket, afsai l connected to said gaif and grippinglj'aws formed on said sail and slidably connected to said spar to pass. said bracket'when saidsail is reefed' or 1l-.= A fore and after rigged vesselhaving a ma'st' a guide extending-across the .deckof said vessel, a spar pivotally connected to said mast and at its lower end slidably connected I to. said guide, means foractuating said spar along said'guide, a boom slidably mounted on saidguideto travel with said spar, and a mainsail connected to said sparand boom.

'12. fore and afterrigged vessel having a mast, a' fguide extending across the deck of the vessel, aspar'pivotally connected to said'mast and atitslower'end slidably connected to said guide, and stays connectingtho upper-end of the spar to the deck of the ves sel to either side of the mast, the guidelliaving anvinner' portion disposed adjacent to themast and arcuate end portions clearing said stays.

after rigged vessel having lower end to said guide and pivotally connected to said mast between its ends, a stay connectingthe upper end of said spar with theupper end of said mast, and a main sail connected to said spar.

14. A fore and aft rigged vessel having a main mast, a top mast secured to said main mast, a guide extending across the deck of the vessel, a spar having its lower end slidably connected to said guide and pivotally connected to the upper portion of said main mast between the ends of said spar,'a stay connecting the upper end of said spar with the upper end of said top mast, and a mainsail attached to said spar.

15. A fore and aft rigged vessel having a mast, a spare pivotally connected to said mastadjacent-its center and slidably connected at its lower end to travel across the deck of the .vessel, a main sail connected to said spar, removable stays connecting the upper end of said mast to said deck,'and removable stays for connecting the'upper portion of said spar to said deck. a

16. A vessel'having a mast, a spar pivotally connected to said'mast'intermediate the ends of said spar, a sail slidably connected to said spar to be raised or lowered along said spar, aboom attached to the lower edge of said sail, a guide extending across the "deck of said vessel aftofflsaid mast, and

means associated with said guide, boom and spar to fac litate sliding sa d boom and lower end of said spar aft of said'mast from oneside of said vessel to theother. p 17'. A fore and aft rigged vesselhaving a mast, a guide extending acrossthe deck ofthe vessel, a-sparpivotally connected to said mastabove said guide and slidably con-I nected at its lower end to said guide and means for anchoring the spar at either end of said guide and yieldable to permit the movement of said spar toward the centerof said guide with an unusual puff of wind.

18. A fore and aft rigged vessel having a mast, an upright spar, a sail attached along its lufl' to said s ar, and means to connect said spar pivotally to said mast, said connecting means comprising a double pivot adapted to permit ready transportation of said point of pivotal connection from side to side of said mast, whereby said spar and sail may be shifted bodily to starboard or larboard as desired without furling the sail or spilling the wind therefrom and may be inclined at any desired angle to the mast. 19. A fore and aft rigged vessel having a mast, an upright spar, a sail attached along its luff to said spar, and means to connect saio spar pivotally to said mast, said connecting means comprising a double pivot adapted to permit ready transposition of said point of pivotal connection from side to side of saidmast, whereby said spar and sail may be shifted bodily to starboard or larboard as desired without furling the sail or spilling the wind therefrom and may be inclined at any desiredangle to the mast and may be disposed with the foot of the spar, and the attached luff portion of the sail, at a position abaft the mast, or at a position ad vanced therefrom. V v

' 20. A fore and after rigged vessel having a mast, an upright spar, a sail attached along its luff to said spar, and means to connect said spar pivotally, at a point below its center, to said mast, said conneotingineans ineluding members rotatable upon horizontal and vertical axes, and adapted topermit ready transposition of said point of pivotal connection from side to side ofsaid mast whereby said spar and sail may be shifted bodily to starboard or larboard as desired without furling the sail or spilling the wind therefrom and may be inclined at any desired angle to the mast, and may be disposed with the foot of the spar and the attached luff portion of the sail, at a position abaft the mast, or at a position forward of the mast at either side thereof.

EDWARD L. BLACKMAN. 

